一. Hbase Java API详解
一起看看怎样通过Java来操作HBase数据吧!
先说说具体的API先,如下
HBaseConfiguration是每一个hbase client都会使用到的对象,它代表的是HBase配置信息。它有两种构造方式:
public HBaseConfiguration()
public HBaseConfiguration(final Configuration c)
默认的构造方式会尝试从hbase-default.xml和hbase-site.xml中读取配置。如果classpath没有这两个文件,就需要你自己设置配置。
Configuration HBASE_CONFIG = new Configuration();
HBASE_CONFIG.set(“hbase.zookeeper.quorum”, “zkServer”);
HBASE_CONFIG.set(“hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort”, “2181″);
HBaseConfiguration cfg = new HBaseConfiguration(HBASE_CONFIG);
1. 创建表
创建表是通过HBaseAdmin对象来操作的。HBaseAdmin负责表的META信息处理。HBaseAdmin提供了createTable这个方法:
public void createTable(HTableDescriptor desc)
HTableDescriptor 代表的是表的schema, 提供的方法中比较有用的有
setMaxFileSize,指定最大的region size
setMemStoreFlushSize 指定memstore flush到HDFS上的文件大小
增加family通过 addFamily方法
public void addFamily(final HColumnDescriptor family)
HColumnDescriptor 代表的是column的schema,提供的方法比较常用的有
setTimeToLive:指定最大的TTL,单位是ms,过期数据会被自动删除。
setInMemory:指定是否放在内存中,对小表有用,可用于提高效率。默认关闭
setBloomFilter:指定是否使用BloomFilter,可提高随机查询效率。默认关闭
setCompressionType:设定数据压缩类型。默认无压缩。
setMaxVersions:指定数据最大保存的版本个数。默认为3。
2. 删除表
删除表也是通过HBaseAdmin来操作,删除表之前首先要disable表。这是一个非常耗时的操作,所以不建议频繁删除表。
disableTable和deleteTable分别用来disable和delete表。
3. 查询数据
查询分为单条随机查询和批量查询。
单条查询是通过rowkey在table中查询某一行的数据。HTable提供了get方法来完成单条查询。
批量查询是通过制定一段rowkey的范围来查询。HTable提供了个getScanner方法来完成批量查询。
public Result get(final Get get)
public ResultScanner getScanner(final Scan scan)
Get对象包含了一个Get查询需要的信息。它的构造方法有两种:
public Get(byte [] row)
public Get(byte [] row, RowLock rowLock)
Rowlock是为了保证读写的原子性,你可以传递一个已经存在Rowlock,否则HBase会自动生成一个新的rowlock。
Scan对象提供了默认构造函数,一般使用默认构造函数。
Get/Scan的常用方法有:
addFamily/addColumn:指定需要的family或者column,如果没有调用任何addFamily或者Column,会返回所有的columns.
setMaxVersions:指定最大的版本个数。如果不带任何参数调用setMaxVersions,表示取所有的版本。如果不掉用setMaxVersions,只会取到最新的版本。
setTimeRange:指定最大的时间戳和最小的时间戳,只有在此范围内的cell才能被获取。
setTimeStamp:指定时间戳。
setFilter:指定Filter来过滤掉不需要的信息
Scan特有的方法:
setStartRow:指定开始的行。如果不调用,则从表头开始。
setStopRow:指定结束的行(不含此行)。
setBatch:指定最多返回的Cell数目。用于防止一行中有过多的数据,导致OutofMemory错误。
ResultScanner是Result的一个容器,每次调用ResultScanner的next方法,会返回Result.
public Result next() throws IOException;
public Result [] next(int nbRows) throws IOException;
Result代表是一行的数据。常用方法有:
getRow:返回rowkey
raw:返回所有的key value数组。
getValue:按照column来获取cell的值
4. 插入数据
HTable通过put方法来插入数据。
public void put(final Put put) throws IOException
public void put(final List puts) throws IOException
可以传递单个批Put对象或者List put对象来分别实现单条插入和批量插入。
Put提供了3种构造方式:
public Put(byte [] row)
public Put(byte [] row, RowLock rowLock)
public Put(Put putToCopy)
Put常用的方法有:
add:增加一个Cell
setTimeStamp:指定所有cell默认的timestamp,如果一个Cell没有指定timestamp,就会用到这个值。如果没有调用,HBase会将当前时间作为未指定timestamp的cell的timestamp.
setWriteToWAL: WAL是Write Ahead Log的缩写,指的是HBase在插入操作前是否写Log。默认是打开,关掉会提高性能,但是如果系统出现故障(负责插入的Region Server挂掉),数据可能会丢失。
另外HTable也有两个方法也会影响插入的性能
setAutoFlash: AutoFlush指的是在每次调用HBase的Put操作,是否提交到HBase Server。默认是true,每次会提交。如果此时是单条插入,就会有更多的IO,从而降低性能.
setWriteBufferSize: Write Buffer Size在AutoFlush为false的时候起作用,默认是2MB,也就是当插入数据超过2MB,就会自动提交到Server
5. 删除数据
HTable 通过delete方法来删除数据。
public void delete(final Delete delete)
6. 切分表
HBaseAdmin提供split方法来将table 进行split.
public void split(final String tableNameOrRegionName)
如果提供的tableName,那么会将table所有region进行split ;如果提供的region Name,那么只会split这个region.
由于split是一个异步操作,我们并不能确切的控制region的个数。
Delete构造方法有:
public Delete(byte [] row)
public Delete(byte [] row, long timestamp, RowLock rowLock)
public Delete(final Delete d)
Delete常用方法有
deleteFamily/deleteColumns:指定要删除的family或者column的数据。如果不调用任何这样的方法,将会删除整行。
注意:如果某个Cell的timestamp高于当前时间,这个Cell将不会被删除,仍然可以查出来。
二. 使用MAVEN
MAVEN库
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.chu</groupId> <artifactId>HBaseDemo</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId> <artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId> <version>1.0.1.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId> <artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId> <version>1.1.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase</artifactId> <version>1.1.5</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-common</artifactId> <version>1.1.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId> <version>1.1.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-protocol</artifactId> <version>1.1.5</version> </dependency>
</dependencies> <repositories> <repository> <id>jboss</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> </repository> </repositories> </project>
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操作HBASE(增删查改)
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| package com.chu;
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTablePool; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.Filter; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.FilterList; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SingleColumnValueFilter; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.CompareFilter.CompareOp; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
public class CreateHBaseTableDemo {
public static Configuration configuration;
static { configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create(); configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181"); configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "192.168.1.159"); configuration.set("hbase.master", "192.168.1.159:600000"); }
public static void main(String[] args) { QueryByCondition3("HBaseDemoTable1"); }
public static void createTable(String tableName) { System.out.println("start create table ......"); try { HBaseAdmin hBaseAdmin = new HBaseAdmin(configuration); if (hBaseAdmin.tableExists(tableName)) { hBaseAdmin.disableTable(tableName); hBaseAdmin.deleteTable(tableName); System.out.println(tableName + " is exist,detele...."); } HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(tableName); tableDescriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("column1")); tableDescriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("column2")); tableDescriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("column3")); hBaseAdmin.createTable(tableDescriptor); } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("end create table ......"); }
public static void insertData(String tableName) {
System.out.println("start insert data ......");
try {
HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tableName);
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("45678hyhyjju")); put.add(Bytes.toBytes("column1"), Bytes.toBytes("email"), Bytes.toBytes("5211486@qq.com")); table.put(put); table.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("end insert data ......");
}
public static void dropTable(String tableName) { try { HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(configuration); admin.disableTable(tableName); admin.deleteTable(tableName); } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}
public static void deleteRow(String tablename, String rowkey) { try { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tablename); List list = new ArrayList(); Delete d1 = new Delete(rowkey.getBytes()); list.add(d1);
table.delete(list); System.out.println("删除行成功!");
} catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}
public static void deleteByCondition(String tablename, String rowkey) {
}
public static void QueryAll(String tableName) {
try { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tableName); ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(new Scan()); for (Result r : rs) { System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
public static void QueryByCondition1(String tableName) {
try { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tableName); Get scan = new Get("45678hyhyjju".getBytes()); Result r = table.get(scan); System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
public static void QueryByCondition2(String tableName) {
try { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tableName); Filter filter = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column1"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("123456")); Scan s = new Scan(); s.setFilter(filter); ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(s); for (Result r : rs) { System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}
public static void QueryByCondition3(String tableName) {
try { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tableName);
List<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<Filter>();
Filter filter1 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column1"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("123456")); filters.add(filter1);
Filter filter2 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column2"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("123456")); filters.add(filter2);
Filter filter3 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column3"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("c2g111")); filters.add(filter3);
FilterList filterList1 = new FilterList(filters);
Scan scan = new Scan(); scan.setFilter(filterList1); ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan); for (Result r : rs) { System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } rs.close();
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
}
}
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三. HBaseDDL
如下所示就是HBaseDDL的简单操作:
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| package cn.edu360.hbase.demo;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.BloomType; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test;
public class HbaseClientDDL { Connection conn = null; @Before public void getConn() throws Exception{ Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "hdp-01:2181,hdp-02:2181,hdp-03:2181"); conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf); }
@Test public void testCreateTable() throws Exception{
Admin admin = conn.getAdmin(); HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor_1 = new HColumnDescriptor("base_info"); hColumnDescriptor_1.setMaxVersions(3); HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor_2 = new HColumnDescriptor("extra_info"); hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor_1); hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor_2); admin.createTable(hTableDescriptor); admin.close(); conn.close(); }
@Test public void testDropTable() throws Exception{ Admin admin = conn.getAdmin(); admin.disableTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); admin.deleteTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); admin.close(); conn.close(); } @Test public void testAlterTable() throws Exception{ Admin admin = conn.getAdmin(); HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = admin.getTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor("other_info"); hColumnDescriptor.setBloomFilterType(BloomType.ROWCOL); tableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor); admin.modifyTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info"), tableDescriptor); admin.close(); conn.close(); }
}
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四. HBaseDML
如下所示就是HbaseDML的简单操作:
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| package cn.edu360.hbase.demo;
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test;
public class HbaseClientDML { Connection conn = null; @Before public void getConn() throws Exception{ Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "hdp-01:2181,hdp-02:2181,hdp-03:2181"); conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf); }
@Test public void testPut() throws Exception{ Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("001")); put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("username"), Bytes.toBytes("张三")); put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("age"), Bytes.toBytes("18")); put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"), Bytes.toBytes("北京")); Put put2 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("002")); put2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("username"), Bytes.toBytes("李四")); put2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("age"), Bytes.toBytes("28")); put2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"), Bytes.toBytes("上海")); ArrayList<Put> puts = new ArrayList<>(); puts.add(put); puts.add(put2); table.put(puts); table.close(); conn.close(); }
@Test public void testManyPuts() throws Exception{ Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); ArrayList<Put> puts = new ArrayList<>(); for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){ Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(""+i)); put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("username"), Bytes.toBytes("张三"+i)); put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("base_info"), Bytes.toBytes("age"), Bytes.toBytes((18+i)+"")); put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr"), Bytes.toBytes("北京")); puts.add(put); } table.put(puts); }
@Test public void testDelete() throws Exception{ Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); Delete delete1 = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("001")); Delete delete2 = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("002")); delete2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("extra_info"), Bytes.toBytes("addr")); ArrayList<Delete> dels = new ArrayList<>(); dels.add(delete1); dels.add(delete2); table.delete(dels); table.close(); conn.close(); }
@Test public void testGet() throws Exception{ Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); Get get = new Get("002".getBytes()); Result result = table.get(get); byte[] value = result.getValue("base_info".getBytes(), "age".getBytes()); System.out.println(new String(value)); System.out.println("-------------------------"); CellScanner cellScanner = result.cellScanner(); while(cellScanner.advance()){ Cell cell = cellScanner.current(); byte[] rowArray = cell.getRowArray(); byte[] familyArray = cell.getFamilyArray(); byte[] qualifierArray = cell.getQualifierArray(); byte[] valueArray = cell.getValueArray(); System.out.println("行键: "+new String(rowArray,cell.getRowOffset(),cell.getRowLength())); System.out.println("列族名: "+new String(familyArray,cell.getFamilyOffset(),cell.getFamilyLength())); System.out.println("列名: "+new String(qualifierArray,cell.getQualifierOffset(),cell.getQualifierLength())); System.out.println("value: "+new String(valueArray,cell.getValueOffset(),cell.getValueLength())); } table.close(); conn.close(); }
@Test public void testScan() throws Exception{ Table table = conn.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user_info")); Scan scan = new Scan("10".getBytes(), "10000\001".getBytes()); ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan); Iterator<Result> iterator = scanner.iterator(); while(iterator.hasNext()){ Result result = iterator.next(); CellScanner cellScanner = result.cellScanner(); while(cellScanner.advance()){ Cell cell = cellScanner.current(); byte[] rowArray = cell.getRowArray(); byte[] familyArray = cell.getFamilyArray(); byte[] qualifierArray = cell.getQualifierArray(); byte[] valueArray = cell.getValueArray(); System.out.println("行键: "+new String(rowArray,cell.getRowOffset(),cell.getRowLength())); System.out.println("列族名: "+new String(familyArray,cell.getFamilyOffset(),cell.getFamilyLength())); System.out.println("列名: "+new String(qualifierArray,cell.getQualifierOffset(),cell.getQualifierLength())); System.out.println("value: "+new String(valueArray,cell.getValueOffset(),cell.getValueLength())); } System.out.println("----------------------"); } }
}
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