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使用 Prism Unity 实现 .NET Core WPF MVVM 之二 命令

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介绍如何在.NET Core3环境下使用MVVM框架Prism的命令的用法

一.创建DelegateCommand命令

我们在上一篇使用 Prism Unity 实现 .NET Core WPF MVVM 之一 数据绑定中知道prism实现数据绑定的方式,我们按照标准的写法来实现,我们分别创建Views文件夹和ViewModels文件夹,将MainWindow放在Views文件夹下,再在ViewModels文件夹下面创建MainWindowViewModel类,xaml代码如下:

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<Window x:Class="CommandSample.Views.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:prism="http://prismlibrary.com/"
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CommandSample"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="450" prism:ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel="True">
<StackPanel >
<TextBox Margin="10" Text="{Binding CurrentTime}" FontSize="32" />
<Button x:Name="mybtn" FontSize="30" Content="Click Me" Margin="10" Height="60" Command="{Binding GetCurrentTimeCommand}"/>
<Viewbox Height="80" >
<CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsCanExcute}" Content="CanExcute" Margin="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
</Viewbox>
</StackPanel>
</Window>

MainWindowViewModel类代码如下:

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using Prism.Commands;
using Prism.Mvvm;
using System;
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace CommandSample.ViewModels
{
public class MainWindowViewModel: BindableBase
{
private bool _isCanExcute;
public bool IsCanExcute
{
get { return _isCanExcute; }
set
{
SetProperty(ref _isCanExcute, value);
GetCurrentTimeCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
}

private string _currentTime;
public string CurrentTime
{
get { return _currentTime; }
set { SetProperty(ref _currentTime, value); }
}

private DelegateCommand _getCurrentTimeCommand;
public DelegateCommand GetCurrentTimeCommand =>
_getCurrentTimeCommand ?? (_getCurrentTimeCommand = new DelegateCommand(ExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand, CanExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand));

void ExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand()
{
this.CurrentTime = DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

bool CanExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand()
{
return IsCanExcute;
}
}
}

运行效果如下:

img

在代码中,我们通过using Prism.Mvvm引入继承BindableBase,因为我们要用到属性改变通知方法SetProperty,这在我们上一篇就知道了,再来我们using Prism.Commands,我们所定义的DelegateCommand类型就在该命名空间下,我们知道,ICommand接口是有三个函数成员的,事件CanExecuteChanged,一个返回值bool的,且带一个参数为object的CanExecute方法,一个无返回值且带一个参数为object的Execute方法,很明显我们实现的GetCurrentTimeCommand命令就是一个不带参数的命令

还有一个值得注意的是,我们通过Checkbox的IsChecked绑定了一个bool属性IsCanExcute,且在CanExecute方法中return IsCanExcute,我们都知道CanExecute控制着Execute方法的是否能够执行,也控制着Button的IsEnable状态,而在IsCanExcute的set方法我们增加了一句:

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GetCurrentTimeCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged();

其实通过prism源码我们可以知道RaiseCanExecuteChanged方法就是内部调用ICommand接口下的CanExecuteChanged事件去调用CanExecute方法

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public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
{
OnCanExecuteChanged();
}

protected virtual void OnCanExecuteChanged()
{
EventHandler handler = this.CanExecuteChanged;
if (handler != null)
{
if (_synchronizationContext != null && _synchronizationContext != SynchronizationContext.Current)
{
_synchronizationContext.Post(delegate
{
handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}, null);
}
else
{
handler(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
}

其实上述prism还提供了一个更简洁优雅的写法:

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private bool _isCanExcute;
public bool IsCanExcute
{
get { return _isCanExcute; }
set { SetProperty(ref _isCanExcute, value);}
}

private DelegateCommand _getCurrentTimeCommand;
public DelegateCommand GetCurrentTimeCommand =>
_getCurrentTimeCommand ?? (_getCurrentTimeCommand = new DelegateCommand(ExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand).ObservesCanExecute(()=> IsCanExcute));

void ExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand()
{
this.CurrentTime = DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

其中用了ObservesCanExecute方法,其实在该方法内部中也是会去调用RaiseCanExecuteChanged方法

我们通过上面代码我们可以会引出两个问题:

  • 如何创建带参数的DelegateCommand?
  • 假如控件不包含依赖属性Command,我们要用到该控件的事件,如何转为命令?

二.创建DelegateCommand带参命令

在创建带参的命令之前,我们可以来看看DelegateCommand的继承链和暴露出来的公共方法,详细的实现可以去看下源码

img

那么,其实已经很明显了,我们之前创建DelegateCommand不是泛型版本,当创建一个泛型版本的DelegateCommand,那么T就是我们要传入的命令参数的类型,那么,我们现在可以把触发命令的Button本身作为命令参数传入

xaml代码如下:

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<Button  x:Name="mybtn"  FontSize="30"  Content="Click Me" Margin="10" Height="60" Command="{Binding GetCurrentTimeCommand}"  CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self}}"/>

GetCurrentTimeCommand命令代码改为如下:

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private DelegateCommand<object> _getCurrentTimeCommand;
public DelegateCommand<object> GetCurrentTimeCommand =>
_getCurrentTimeCommand ?? (_getCurrentTimeCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(ExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand).ObservesCanExecute(()=> IsCanExcute));

void ExecuteGetCurrentTimeCommand(object parameter)
{
this.CurrentTime =((Button)parameter)?.Name+ DateTime.Now.ToString();
}

三.事件转命令

在我们大多数拥有Command依赖属性的控件,大多数是由于继承了ICommandSource接口,ICommandSource接口拥有着三个函数成员ICommand接口类型属性Command,object 类型属性CommandParameter,IInputElement 类型属性CommandTarget,而基本继承着ICommandSource接口这两个基础类的就是ButtonBase和MenuItem,因此像Button,Checkbox,RadioButton等继承自ButtonBase拥有着Command依赖属性,而MenuItem也同理。但是我们常用的Textbox那些就没有。

现在我们有这种需求,我们要在这个界面基础上新增第二个Textbox,当Textbox的文本变化时,需要将按钮的Name和第二个Textbox的文本字符串合并更新到第一个Textbox上,我们第一直觉肯定会想到用Textbox的TextChanged事件,那么如何将TextChanged转为命令?

首先我们在xmal界面引入:

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xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"

该程序集 System.Windows.Interactivity dll是在 Expression Blend SDK中的,而Prism的包也也将其引入包含在内了,因此我们可以直接引入,然后我们新增第二个Textbox的代码:

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<TextBox Margin="10" FontSize="32" Text="{Binding Foo,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}">
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="TextChanged">
<i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding TextChangedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding ElementName=mybtn}"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
</TextBox>

MainWindowViewModel新增代码:

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private string _foo;
public string Foo
{
get { return _foo; }
set { SetProperty(ref _foo, value); }
}

private DelegateCommand<object> _textChangedCommand;
public DelegateCommand<object> TextChangedCommand =>
_textChangedCommand ?? (_textChangedCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(ExecuteTextChangedCommand));

void ExecuteTextChangedCommand(object parameter)
{
this.CurrentTime = Foo + ((Button)parameter)?.Name;
}

上面我们在xaml代码就是添加了对TextBox的TextChanged事件的Blend EventTrigger的侦听,每当触发该事件,InvokeCommandAction就会去调用TextChangedCommand命令

将EventArgs参数传递给命令

我们知道,TextChanged事件是有个RoutedEventArgs参数TextChangedEventArgs,假如我们要拿到该TextChangedEventArgs或者是RoutedEventArgs参数里面的属性,那么该怎么拿到,我们使用System.Windows.Interactivity的NameSpace下的InvokeCommandAction是不能做到的,这时候我们要用到prism自带的InvokeCommandAction的TriggerParameterPath属性,我们现在有个要求,我们要在第一个TextBox,显示我们第二个TextBox输入的字符串加上触发该事件的控件的名字,那么我们可以用到其父类RoutedEventArgs的Soucre属性,而激发该事件的控件就是第二个TextBox

xaml代码修改如下:

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<TextBox x:Name="myTextBox" Margin="10" FontSize="32" Text="{Binding Foo,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" TextChanged="TextBox_TextChanged">
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="TextChanged">
<prism:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding TextChangedCommand}" TriggerParameterPath="Source"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
</TextBox>

MainWindowViewModel修改如下:

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void ExecuteTextChangedCommand(object parameter)
{
this.CurrentTime = Foo + ((TextBox)parameter)?.Name;
}

还有一个很有趣的现象,假如上述xaml代码将TriggerParameterPath去掉,我们其实拿到的是TextChangedEventArgs

四.实现基于Task的命令

首先我们在界面新增一个新的按钮,用来绑定新的基于Task的命令,我们将要做的就是点击该按钮后,第一个Textbox的在5秒后显示”Hello Prism!”,且期间UI界面不阻塞

xaml界面新增按钮代码如下:

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<Button  x:Name="mybtn1"  FontSize="30"  Content="Click Me 1" Margin="10" Height="60" Command="{Binding AsyncCommand}" />

MainWindowViewModel新增代码:

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private DelegateCommand _asyncCommand;
public DelegateCommand AsyncCommand =>
_asyncCommand ?? (_asyncCommand = new DelegateCommand(ExecuteAsyncCommand));

async void ExecuteAsyncCommand()
{
await ExampleMethodAsync();
}

async Task ExampleMethodAsync()
{
await Task.Run(()=>
{
Thread.Sleep(5000);
this.CurrentTime = "Hello Prism!";
} );
}

也可以更简洁的写法:

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private DelegateCommand _asyncCommand;
public DelegateCommand AsyncCommand =>
_asyncCommand ?? (_asyncCommand = new DelegateCommand( async()=>await ExecuteAsyncCommand()));

Task ExecuteAsyncCommand()
{
return Task.Run(() =>
{
Thread.Sleep(5000);
this.CurrentTime = "Hello Prism!";
});
}

五.创建复合命令

prism提供CompositeCommand类支持复合命令,什么是复合命令,我们可能有这种场景,一个主界面的不同子窗体都有其各自的业务,假如我们可以将上面的例子稍微改下,我们分为三个不同子窗体,三个分别来显示当前年份,月日,时分秒,我们希望在主窗体提供一个按钮,点击后能够使其同时显示,这时候就有一种关系存在了,主窗体按钮依赖于三个子窗体的按钮,而子窗体的按钮不依赖于主窗体的按钮

下面是创建和使用一个prism标准复合命令的流程:

  • 创建一个全局的复合命令
  • 通过IOC容器注册其为单例
  • 给复合命令注册子命令
  • 绑定复合命令

1.创建一个全局的复合命令

首先,我们创建一个类库项目,新增ApplicationCommands类作为全局命令类,代码如下:

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public interface IApplicationCommands
{
CompositeCommand GetCurrentAllTimeCommand { get; }
}

public class ApplicationCommands : IApplicationCommands
{
private CompositeCommand _getCurrentAllTimeCommand = new CompositeCommand();
public CompositeCommand GetCurrentAllTimeCommand
{
get { return _getCurrentAllTimeCommand; }
}
}

其中我们创建了IApplicationCommands接口,让ApplicationCommands实现了该接口,目的是为了下一步通过IOC容器注册其为全局的单例接口

2.通过IOC容器注册其为单例

我们创建一个新的项目作为主窗体,用来显示子窗体和使用复合命令,关键部分代码如下:

App.cs代码:

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using Prism.Unity;
using Prism.Ioc;
using System.Windows;
using CompositeCommandsSample.Views;
using Prism.Modularity;
using CompositeCommandsCore;

namespace CompositeCommandsSample
{

public partial class App : PrismApplication
{
protected override Window CreateShell()
{
return Container.Resolve<MainWindow>();
}

//通过IOC容器注册IApplicationCommands为单例
protected override void RegisterTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry)
{
containerRegistry.RegisterSingleton<IApplicationCommands, ApplicationCommands>();
}

//注册子窗体模块
protected override void ConfigureModuleCatalog(IModuleCatalog moduleCatalog)
{
moduleCatalog.AddModule<CommandSample.CommandSampleMoudle>();
}
}
}

3.给复合命令注册子命令

我们在之前的CommandSample解决方案下面的Views文件夹下新增两个UserControl,分别用来显示月日和时分秒,在其ViewModels文件夹下面新增两个UserControl的ViewModel,并且将之前的MainWindow也改为UserControl,大致结构如下图:

img

关键部分代码:

GetHourTabViewModel.cs:

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IApplicationCommands _applicationCommands;

public GetHourTabViewModel(IApplicationCommands applicationCommands)
{
_applicationCommands = applicationCommands;
//给复合命令GetCurrentAllTimeCommand注册子命令GetHourCommand
_applicationCommands.GetCurrentAllTimeCommand.RegisterCommand(GetHourCommand);
}

private DelegateCommand _getHourCommand;
public DelegateCommand GetHourCommand =>
_getHourCommand ?? (_getHourCommand = new DelegateCommand(ExecuteGetHourCommand).ObservesCanExecute(() => IsCanExcute));

void ExecuteGetHourCommand()
{
this.CurrentHour = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
}

GetMonthDayTabViewModel.cs:

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IApplicationCommands _applicationCommands;

public GetMonthDayTabViewModel(IApplicationCommands applicationCommands)
{
_applicationCommands = applicationCommands;
//给复合命令GetCurrentAllTimeCommand注册子命令GetMonthCommand
_applicationCommands.GetCurrentAllTimeCommand.RegisterCommand(GetMonthCommand);
}

private DelegateCommand _getMonthCommand;
public DelegateCommand GetMonthCommand =>
_getMonthCommand ?? (_getMonthCommand = new DelegateCommand(ExecuteCommandName).ObservesCanExecute(()=>IsCanExcute));

void ExecuteCommandName()
{
this.CurrentMonthDay = DateTime.Now.ToString("MM:dd");
}

MainWindowViewModel.cs:

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IApplicationCommands _applicationCommands;

public MainWindowViewModel(IApplicationCommands applicationCommands)
{
_applicationCommands = applicationCommands;
//给复合命令GetCurrentAllTimeCommand注册子命令GetYearCommand
_applicationCommands.GetCurrentAllTimeCommand.RegisterCommand(GetYearCommand);
}

private DelegateCommand _getYearCommand;
public DelegateCommand GetYearCommand =>
_getYearCommand ?? (_getYearCommand = new DelegateCommand(ExecuteGetYearCommand).ObservesCanExecute(()=> IsCanExcute));

void ExecuteGetYearCommand()
{
this.CurrentTime =DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy");
}

CommandSampleMoudle.cs:

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using CommandSample.ViewModels;
using CommandSample.Views;
using Prism.Ioc;
using Prism.Modularity;
using Prism.Regions;

namespace CommandSample
{
public class CommandSampleMoudle : IModule
{
public void OnInitialized(IContainerProvider containerProvider)
{
var regionManager = containerProvider.Resolve<IRegionManager>();
IRegion region= regionManager.Regions["ContentRegion"];

var mainWindow = containerProvider.Resolve<MainWindow>();
(mainWindow.DataContext as MainWindowViewModel).Title = "GetYearTab";
region.Add(mainWindow);

var getMonthTab = containerProvider.Resolve<GetMonthDayTab>();
(getMonthTab.DataContext as GetMonthDayTabViewModel).Title = "GetMonthDayTab";
region.Add(getMonthTab);

var getHourTab = containerProvider.Resolve<GetHourTab>();
(getHourTab.DataContext as GetHourTabViewModel).Title = "GetHourTab";
region.Add(getHourTab);
}

public void RegisterTypes(IContainerRegistry containerRegistry)
{

}
}
}

4.绑定复合命令

主窗体xaml代码:

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<Window x:Class="CompositeCommandsSample.Views.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:prism="http://prismlibrary.com/"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:CompositeCommandsSample"
mc:Ignorable="d" prism:ViewModelLocator.AutoWireViewModel="True"
Title="MainWindow" Height="650" Width="800">
<Window.Resources>
<Style TargetType="TabItem">
<Setter Property="Header" Value="{Binding DataContext.Title}"/>
</Style>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
<RowDefinition Height="*"/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Button Content="GetCurrentTime" FontSize="30" Margin="10" Command="{Binding ApplicationCommands.GetCurrentAllTimeCommand}"/>
<TabControl Grid.Row="1" prism:RegionManager.RegionName="ContentRegion"/>
</Grid>
</Window>

MainWindowViewModel.cs:

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using CompositeCommandsCore;
using Prism.Mvvm;

namespace CompositeCommandsSample.ViewModels
{
public class MainWindowViewModel:BindableBase
{
private IApplicationCommands _applicationCommands;
public IApplicationCommands ApplicationCommands
{
get { return _applicationCommands; }
set { SetProperty(ref _applicationCommands, value); }
}

public MainWindowViewModel(IApplicationCommands applicationCommands)
{
this.ApplicationCommands = applicationCommands;
}
}
}

最后看看实际的效果如何:

img

最后,其中复合命令也验证我们一开始说的关系,复合命令依赖于子命令,但子命令不依赖于复合命令,因此,只有当三个子命令的都为可执行的时候才能执行复合命令,其中用到的prism模块化的知识,我们下一篇会仔细探讨.

六.源码

 本篇源代码:PrismCommandSample源码